by Merciel » Wed May 23, 2012 9:35 pm
I feel like every book and DVD is one piece of the puzzle. Some are bigger than others, and a lot of them overlap (get ready to hear about Belyaev's foxes a whole bunch of times!), but no one of them has the whole story. You have to collect a bunch to even get a sense of which way is up.
So none of those recommendations is likely to answer all of your questions, but hopefully they'll give you some sense of where the research is. In the same spirit, you might also find Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs worthwhile. (These are all books geared toward lay readers, btw, and as such they mix study with anecdote freely; while there are more technical/rigorous works available, they tend to be very expensive and very dry, because they are literally textbooks.)
There really isn't much dispute between positive vs. punishment anymore. You do see it sometimes, but generally just among (a) pet owners whose last dog was trained decades ago; (b) people who base their ideas about dog training on things they've seen on TV; and (c) the hold-out dog sports I talked about earlier. Among dog trainers, the discussion has largely moved past that and onto topics like the relative merits of free shaping vs. lure-reward training -- which are just variations on positive training.
re: clickers -- I didn't use one for probably the first year that I was training Pongu, because he was so skittish and noise-sensitive that the sound was terrifying to him. I relied on marker words instead because he was okay with that. Now that I'm working with client dogs (who are not completely insane) I find that the clicker is a hugely valuable tool.
What's particularly valuable for my purposes is that the sound is identical whether I'm training the dog or the client is. Nothing is lost in translation; the dog understands the signal exactly the same way. It makes it a LOT easier to transfer behaviors (and then people are like "oh wow my dog is listening to me!!" and I look awesome, so that's nice).
Also the clicker is really quick and precise, which helps a lot when I'm working with high-energy "hyper" dogs. They really don't sit still long enough for me to use a marker word (at first). The clicker works in a fraction of a second and lets me get in there fast enough to start building some duration into Sits and whatnot. For the same reason, it's way more effective at capturing behaviors, especially super-quick behaviors like Breathe.
So I've really come around on clickers, but I still rely mainly on marker words when I'm training Pongu. He tolerates the sound fine these days, but the advantages of the clicker are not as great for his specific situation, so I go with the marker word because he's used to that. Which tool you use just depends on what's best for your dog.